07:37:21:06 --:--:--:-- 07:37:21:18 --:--:--:-- >> female announcer: THIS 07:37:22:10 --:--:--:-- BROADCAST IS PRODUCED IN 07:37:23:01 --:--:--:-- PARTNERSHIP WITH THE 07:37:23:20 --:--:--:-- MULTIJURISDICTIONAL COUNTERDRUG 07:37:24:26 --:--:--:-- TASK FORCE TRAINING PROGRAM, THE 07:37:26:26 --:--:--:-- FLORIDA NATIONAL GUARD, 07:37:27:28 07:37:29:28 AND ST. PETERSBURG COLLEGE. 07:37:30:08 --:--:--:-- [exotic instrumental music] 07:37:31:08 07:37:39:08   07:37:58:10 --:--:--:-- >> HELLO, I'M MARY ELIZABETH 07:37:59:22 --:--:--:-- ELLIOTT, VICE PRESIDENT FOR 07:38:01:04 --:--:--:-- COMMUNICATIONS AND MEMBERSHIP 07:38:03:11 --:--:--:-- WITH CADCA, COMMUNITY ANTIDRUG 07:38:05:23 --:--:--:-- COALITIONS OF AMERICA. 07:38:07:26 --:--:--:-- COCAINE HAS HAD A LONG AND 07:38:08:25 --:--:--:-- DESTRUCTIVE HISTORY. 07:38:10:07 --:--:--:-- AND WHILE OVERALL RATES OF USE 07:38:11:19 --:--:--:-- HAVE DROPPED SINCE PEAKING IN 07:38:12:28 --:--:--:-- THE 1980s, COALITIONS ACROSS THE 07:38:15:12 --:--:--:-- COUNTRY ARE REPORTING THAT 07:38:17:05 --:--:--:-- COCAINE IS BACK. 07:38:18:27 --:--:--:-- TODAY WE'RE HERE TO CRACK THE 07:38:20:03 --:--:--:-- COCAINE HABIT. 07:38:21:23 --:--:--:-- FOUR EXPERTS ARE HERE WITH ME 07:38:23:01 --:--:--:-- TODAY, REPRESENTING LAW 07:38:24:17 --:--:--:-- ENFORCEMENT, THE MEDICAL 07:38:25:26 --:--:--:-- COMMUNITY, AND DRUG PREVENTION. 07:38:28:10 --:--:--:-- LARRY HOLIFIELD IS THE ASSOCIATE 07:38:30:01 --:--:--:-- SPECIAL AGENT IN CHARGE FOR THE 07:38:31:17 --:--:--:-- MIAMI FIELD DIVISION OF THE DRUG 07:38:33:14 --:--:--:-- ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION, 07:38:35:08 --:--:--:-- OR DEA. 07:38:37:08 --:--:--:-- OFFICER JOE SMITH IS WITH THE 07:38:39:02 --:--:--:-- ST. PETERSBURG POLICE 07:38:40:20 --:--:--:-- DEPARTMENT. 07:38:42:12 --:--:--:-- DR. SCOTT TEITELBAUM IS THE 07:38:45:03 --:--:--:-- MEDICAL DIRECTOR OF THE FLORIDA 07:38:46:15 --:--:--:-- RECOVERY CENTER AT THE 07:38:47:16 --:--:--:-- UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN 07:38:48:27 --:--:--:-- GAINESVILLE. 07:38:50:15 --:--:--:-- AND FINALLY, PHILIP DUKET IS 07:38:52:18 --:--:--:-- THE DRUG-FREE COMMUNITY PROJECT 07:38:54:04 --:--:--:-- DIRECTOR OF THE FAMILY RESOURCE 07:38:55:23 --:--:--:-- CENTERS OF SHEBOYGAN COUNTY, 07:38:57:24 --:--:--:-- WISCONSIN. 07:38:59:14 --:--:--:-- WELCOME, GUYS. 07:39:00:21 --:--:--:-- >> THANK YOU. 07:39:01:11 --:--:--:-- >> THIS IS MY DREAM, TO HAVE A 07:39:02:11 --:--:--:-- PANEL OF ALL MEN. 07:39:03:11 --:--:--:-- SO LET'S GET STARTED. 07:39:04:22 --:--:--:-- I WANT TO START WITH THE BASICS. 07:39:06:07 --:--:--:-- LET'S TALK ABOUT, WHAT IS 07:39:07:26 --:--:--:-- COCAINE? 07:39:08:29 --:--:--:-- LARRY? 07:39:10:18 --:--:--:-- >> COCAINE IS A HIGHLY 07:39:11:17 --:--:--:-- ADDICTIVE DRUG. 07:39:12:15 --:--:--:-- IT'S A NUMBER ONE THREAT TO OUR 07:39:14:07 --:--:--:-- SOCIETY. 07:39:15:01 --:--:--:-- DEA LOOKS AT IT AS OUR NUMBER 07:39:18:10 --:--:--:-- ONE THREAT IN TERMS OF WHAT IT 07:39:21:06 --:--:--:-- DOES TO SOCIETY, HOW ADDICTIVE 07:39:24:15 --:--:--:-- IT IS, THE CORRUPTION, THE 07:39:28:05 --:--:--:-- VIOLENCE, AND ALL THE DAMAGES IT 07:39:32:12 --:--:--:-- DOES TO SOCIETY. 07:39:34:25 --:--:--:-- >> SO THAT'S COCAINE. 07:39:36:09 --:--:--:-- AND, SCOTT, FROM YOUR 07:39:37:08 --:--:--:-- PERSPECTIVE, WHAT WOULD YOUR 07:39:38:24 --:--:--:-- DEFINITION BE? 07:39:39:23 --:--:--:-- >> WELL, I WOULD AGREE. 07:39:40:20 --:--:--:-- IT'S A HIGHLY ADDICTIVE DRUG. 07:39:41:28 --:--:--:-- IT'S A CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 07:39:44:12 --:--:--:-- STIMULANT. 07:39:45:18 --:--:--:-- SO THE EFFECTS ON THE BODY ARE 07:39:48:15 --:--:--:-- TO STIMULATE--REALLY AN 07:39:51:06 --:--:--:-- EXCITATORY DRUG, BUT IT ALSO HAS 07:39:53:04 --:--:--:-- PROFOUND MEDICAL EFFECTS, 07:39:54:15 --:--:--:-- BECAUSE AS A DRUG, IT IS A-- 07:39:57:12 --:--:--:-- WHAT THEY CALL A 07:39:58:03 --:--:--:-- VASOCONSTRICTOR. 07:39:58:27 --:--:--:-- IT CLAMPS DOWN AND MAKES BLOOD 07:40:00:02 --:--:--:-- VESSELS SMALLER AND DECREASES 07:40:02:29 --:--:--:-- BLOOD FLOW TO VITAL ORGANS SUCH 07:40:04:24 --:--:--:-- AS HEART AND BRAIN. 07:40:06:27 --:--:--:-- AND SO IT'S A VERY 07:40:07:20 --:--:--:-- DANGEROUS DRUG. 07:40:08:23 --:--:--:-- BESIDES BEING HIGHLY ADDICTIVE, 07:40:10:12 --:--:--:-- IT'S A VERY DANGEROUS DRUG WITH 07:40:12:05 --:--:--:-- RESPECT TO ACUTE LETHAL EVENTS. 07:40:14:26 --:--:--:-- >> OKAY. 07:40:15:21 --:--:--:-- SO WE--WE KNOW THAT CRACK IS 07:40:18:11 --:--:--:-- YOUR NUMBER ONE CONCERN 07:40:19:21 --:--:--:-- AT THE DEA. 07:40:20:14 --:--:--:-- AND AS A MEDICAL PROFESSIONAL, 07:40:22:24 --:--:--:-- IT'S A VERY DANGEROUS DRUG. 07:40:25:00 --:--:--:-- BUT WE ALSO KNOW THERE'S 07:40:25:28 --:--:--:-- COCAINE, AND THEN THERE'S POWDER 07:40:27:11 --:--:--:-- COCAINE, AND THEN THERE'S CRACK, 07:40:28:25 --:--:--:-- AND THERE'S DIFFERENCES BETWEEN 07:40:30:24 --:--:--:-- THE TWO. 07:40:31:14 --:--:--:-- CAN YOU EXPLAIN TO US THE 07:40:32:16 --:--:--:-- DIFFERENCES? 07:40:34:26 --:--:--:-- >> COCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE IS THE 07:40:36:15 --:--:--:-- COCAINE PRODUCED IN THE THREE 07:40:39:00 --:--:--:-- MAJOR DRUG-PRODUCING COUNTRIES, 07:40:41:09 --:--:--:-- BOLIVIA, PERU, AND THE MAJORITY 07:40:43:21 --:--:--:-- OF WHICH COMES TO THE UNITED 07:40:44:29 --:--:--:-- STATES FROM COLOMBIA. 07:40:47:23 --:--:--:-- IT'S PRODUCED IN CLANDESTINE 07:40:49:02 --:--:--:-- LABORATORIES MAINLY IN JUNGLE 07:40:51:22 --:--:--:-- ENVIRONMENTS, TRANSSHIPPED INTO 07:40:54:15 --:--:--:-- THE UNITED STATES, WHERE MANY OF 07:40:56:18 --:--:--:-- THE VIOLATORS HERE BREAK IT DOWN 07:40:58:26 --:--:--:-- INTO CRACK COCAINE, WHICH 07:41:01:12 --:--:--:-- BASICALLY BRINGS THE COCAINE 07:41:02:28 --:--:--:-- HYDROCHLORIDE BACK TO THE BASE 07:41:04:20 --:--:--:-- FORM. 07:41:06:15 --:--:--:-- IT'S--DRUG TRAFFICKERS ARE UNDER 07:41:09:25 --:--:--:-- THE IMPRESSION THAT IT'S CHEAPER 07:41:11:19 --:--:--:-- TO USE CRACK COCAINE. 07:41:14:20 --:--:--:-- HOWEVER, DRUG ADDICTS WILL TELL 07:41:16:04 --:--:--:-- YOU IT IS NOT. 07:41:20:00 --:--:--:-- >> AND SO--SO IS THERE A 07:41:21:09 --:--:--:-- DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WHO IS USING 07:41:23:08 --:--:--:-- POWDER VERSUS CRACK COCAINE? 07:41:25:01 --:--:--:-- GUYS, WHAT ARE YOU SEEING? 07:41:26:21 --:--:--:-- >> WELL, IN TERMS OF ADDICTION 07:41:28:02 --:--:--:-- LIABILITY, IT'S A FASCINATING 07:41:29:16 --:--:--:-- DRUG, BECAUSE IT REALLY SPEAKS 07:41:31:20 --:--:--:-- TO A LOT OF THE FUNDAMENTALS OF 07:41:36:12 --:--:--:-- ADDICTION MEDICINE IN THAT THE 07:41:38:24 --:--:--:-- ROUTE OF INGESTION IS CRITICAL 07:41:41:04 --:--:--:-- INTO HOW ADDICTIVE A DRUG 07:41:42:04 --:--:--:-- WILL BE. 07:41:42:22 --:--:--:-- SO COCAINE, IF YOU TAKE THE 07:41:43:29 --:--:--:-- COCAINE--THE COCA LEAVES AND YOU 07:41:45:28 --:--:--:-- CHEW THEM, WHICH PEOPLE HAVE FOR 07:41:47:01 --:--:--:-- CENTURIES, THAT'S NOT VERY 07:41:48:10 --:--:--:-- ADDICTIVE, AND IT GIVES PEOPLE 07:41:49:27 --:--:--:-- ENERGY AND LESS FATIGUE, AND 07:41:51:18 --:--:--:-- THEY DON'T NEED TO EAT. 07:41:52:25 --:--:--:-- AND THEN, AS LARRY WAS TALKING 07:41:54:29 --:--:--:-- ABOUT, YOU HAVE THE COCAINE 07:41:56:09 --:--:--:-- HYDROCHLORIDE, WHICH IS THE-- 07:41:58:18 --:--:--:-- THE POWDER WHICH YOU CAN SNORT, 07:42:00:18 --:--:--:-- WHICH GETS TO THE BRAIN FASTER 07:42:01:29 --:--:--:-- THAN CHEWING IT, BUT IT IS NOT 07:42:03:12 --:--:--:-- AS ADDICTIVE AS THE CRACK 07:42:05:12 --:--:--:-- COCAINE, BECAUSE THAT CAN BE 07:42:06:19 --:--:--:-- AEROSOLIZED IN SMOKE. 07:42:08:06 --:--:--:-- AND IF A DRUG IS SMOKED, AS IN 07:42:11:12 --:--:--:-- WITH COCAINE, ITS--ITS ENTRY 07:42:14:03 --:--:--:-- INTO THE BRAIN IS SIX TO EIGHT 07:42:15:04 --:--:--:-- SECONDS. 07:42:16:24 --:--:--:-- MUCH LONGER ONSET OF ACTION 07:42:18:14 --:--:--:-- IF SOMEBODY SNORTS IT. 07:42:20:16 --:--:--:-- SO THE--THE WAY THAT ONE USES 07:42:23:15 --:--:--:-- THE DRUG WILL HAVE SOMETHING TO 07:42:25:11 --:--:--:-- DO WITH THE ADDICTION LIABILITY 07:42:26:19 --:--:--:-- OF THAT DRUG. 07:42:27:10 --:--:--:-- AND SMOKING OR INTRAVENOUS ARE 07:42:28:28 --:--:--:-- ALWAYS MORE ASSOCIATED WITH-- 07:42:31:26 --:--:--:-- WITH ADDICTION. 07:42:33:12 --:--:--:-- NOT THAT YOU CAN'T HAVE 07:42:34:02 --:--:--:-- ADDICTION WITH SNORTING. 07:42:34:25 --:--:--:-- YOU CAN, BUT THE RAPID ENTRY TO 07:42:36:29 --:--:--:-- THE BRAIN MAKES SOMETHING MUCH 07:42:38:23 --:--:--:-- MORE ADDICTIVE, WHATEVER THE 07:42:39:23 --:--:--:-- DRUG IS. 07:42:40:24 --:--:--:-- >> SO CRACK WAS CRIPPLING OUR 07:42:44:15 --:--:--:-- NATION IN THE LATE '80s. 07:42:46:04 --:--:--:-- AND ACTUALLY, THAT'S HOW A LOT 07:42:47:12 --:--:--:-- OF COALITIONS STARTED FROM MY-- 07:42:50:02 --:--:--:-- MY FIELD. 07:42:50:29 --:--:--:-- ANTIDRUG COALITIONS STARTED 07:42:52:01 --:--:--:-- BECAUSE OF CRACK COCAINE. 07:42:53:29 --:--:--:-- WHAT ABOUT YOU, JOE? 07:42:55:06 --:--:--:-- WHAT ARE YOU SEEING 07:42:55:27 --:--:--:-- ON THE STREET? 07:42:56:15 --:--:--:-- IS CRACK STILL A PROBLEM? 07:42:57:26 --:--:--:-- IS COCAINE EMERGING? 07:42:59:26 --:--:--:-- >> CRACK IS A PROBLEM. 07:43:01:05 --:--:--:-- IT CONTINUES TO BE A PROBLEM. 07:43:02:10 --:--:--:-- I WAS--JUST HAPPENED TO BE ONE 07:43:03:27 --:--:--:-- OF THE OFFICERS ON THE STREETS 07:43:06:04 --:--:--:-- DURING THAT INCEPTION, WHEN 07:43:07:21 --:--:--:-- CRACK COCAINE WAS INTRODUCED TO 07:43:09:09 --:--:--:-- THE COMMUNITY, AND IT JUST--LIKE 07:43:12:05 --:--:--:-- THE PANELISTS HAVE SAID, IT'S 07:43:13:21 --:--:--:-- VERY ADDICTIVE. 07:43:15:02 --:--:--:-- IT'S ONE OF THE MOST ADDICTIVE 07:43:16:11 --:--:--:-- DRUGS THAT WE KNOW OF. 07:43:19:18 --:--:--:-- ON MANY OCCASIONS, I HAVE HAD 07:43:20:26 --:--:--:-- OPPORTUNITIES TO INTERVIEW 07:43:22:04 --:--:--:-- PEOPLE, AND IT'S AMAZING. 07:43:24:07 --:--:--:-- WHEN THEY START TALKING ABOUT 07:43:25:22 --:--:--:-- THEIR EXPERIENCE OF UTILIZING 07:43:27:09 --:--:--:-- CRACK COCAINE, YOU CAN SEE IT IN 07:43:29:21 --:--:--:-- THEIR EYES. 07:43:30:10 --:--:--:-- THEY START LICKING THEIR LIPS 07:43:31:20 --:--:--:-- AND SALIVATING, MORE OR LESS, 07:43:33:21 --:--:--:-- ABOUT THEIR EXPERIENCE. 07:43:35:11 --:--:--:-- NOW, WITH THAT SAID, IT 07:43:37:20 --:--:--:-- CONTINUES, AND IT CROSSES THE 07:43:39:19 --:--:--:-- GAMUTS OF--OF AGE AND RACE AND 07:43:43:11 --:--:--:-- ALL OF THE THINGS THAT USUALLY 07:43:45:02 --:--:--:-- ARE SOCIETAL BOUNDARIES WHEN 07:43:47:13 --:--:--:-- YOU COME TO--WHEN IT COMES 07:43:48:25 --:--:--:-- TO INVOLVING MISDEEDS. 07:43:51:20 --:--:--:-- BUT THIS IS ONE OF THE DRUGS 07:43:55:06 --:--:--:-- THAT CROSSES THOSE BOUNDARIES. 07:43:57:20 --:--:--:-- >> HE BRINGS UP AN IMPORTANT 07:43:58:18 --:--:--:-- POINT WITH ADDICTION LIABILITY, 07:44:00:19 --:--:--:-- THAT COCAINE IS ONE OF THE MOST 07:44:03:04 --:--:--:-- WHAT WE CALL EUPHORIGENIC DRUGS, 07:44:04:28 --:--:--:-- COCAINE AND HEROIN, IN THAT IT 07:44:06:04 --:--:--:-- PROVIDES SUCH A FEELING OF 07:44:07:09 --:--:--:-- PLEASURE THAT ONCE EXPOSED, YOU 07:44:11:00 --:--:--:-- KNOW, THERE'S NO RETURN FOR MANY 07:44:12:08 --:--:--:-- AN INDIVIDUAL. 07:44:13:21 --:--:--:-- SO THE--THE ADDICTION LIABILITY 07:44:15:05 --:--:--:-- OF COCAINE IN AND OF ITSELF, IT 07:44:16:25 --:--:--:-- HAS SUCH A POWERFUL HIGH--IN THE 07:44:19:08 --:--:--:-- SAME CLASS AS HEROIN--THAT 07:44:21:23 --:--:--:-- PEOPLE FIND IT HARD TO TURN AWAY 07:44:24:05 --:--:--:-- ONCE THEY'RE EXPOSED. 07:44:25:29 --:--:--:-- >> PHILIP, YOU KNOW, YOU'RE 07:44:28:07 --:--:--:-- COMING FROM WHAT I WOULD 07:44:29:09 --:--:--:-- CONSIDER, YOU KNOW, SORT OF A 07:44:30:15 --:--:--:-- RELATIVELY SAFE MIDWESTERN 07:44:32:27 --:--:--:-- COMMUNITY, SHEBOYGAN. 07:44:34:08 --:--:--:-- YOU DON'T THINK ABOUT--I MEAN, 07:44:35:13 --:--:--:-- YOU MIGHT THINK ABOUT ALCOHOL AS 07:44:37:06 --:--:--:-- A PROBLEM, BUT YOU DON'T THINK 07:44:38:29 --:--:--:-- ABOUT COCAINE. 07:44:40:26 --:--:--:-- CAN YOU TELL US--YOU KNOW, WHAT 07:44:41:27 --:--:--:-- ARE YOU SEEING AS A COMMUNITY 07:44:43:07 --:--:--:-- LEADER? 07:44:44:18 --:--:--:-- >> WELL, WE LOOK AT OUR STATS, 07:44:46:05 --:--:--:-- AND ACTUALLY, OUR STATS ARE-- 07:44:48:01 --:--:--:-- MIRROR THE NATIONAL AVERAGES IN 07:44:49:17 --:--:--:-- TERMS OF OUR YOUTH USE FOR 07:44:51:17 --:--:--:-- PAST-30-DAY USE AS WELL AS 07:44:53:20 --:--:--:-- LIFETIME USE. 07:44:55:08 --:--:--:-- SO IT'S THERE, AND WE KNOW THAT, 07:44:57:09 --:--:--:-- AND WE REALIZE WE HAVE TO 07:44:59:00 --:--:--:-- ADDRESS IT AS AN ISSUE. 07:45:01:22 --:--:--:-- I THINK, FOR US, WE HAVE OUR 07:45:05:10 --:--:--:-- SHARE OF DRUG HOUSES, 07:45:06:10 --:--:--:-- AND WE KNOW THAT IT'S ONE OF 07:45:09:17 --:--:--:-- THOSE THINGS WHERE WE REALLY 07:45:10:19 --:--:--:-- NEED TO WORK COLLABORATIVELY 07:45:13:06 --:--:--:-- WITH LAW ENFORCEMENT, WITH THE 07:45:14:11 --:--:--:-- VARIOUS AGENCIES TO DO WHATEVER 07:45:17:24 --:--:--:-- WE CAN IN TERMS OF PREVENTING 07:45:21:00 --:--:--:-- PEOPLE GETTING ACCESS TO IT. 07:45:22:25 --:--:--:-- >> NOW, YOU SAID YOU KNOW 07:45:23:19 --:--:--:-- BECAUSE OF YOUR DATA. 07:45:24:23 --:--:--:-- CAN YOU TELL US--IT'S ALWAYS 07:45:26:07 --:--:--:-- IMPORTANT FOR COALITIONS TO TALK 07:45:27:22 --:--:--:-- ABOUT HOW THEY GATHER DATA. 07:45:28:27 --:--:--:-- IT'S REALLY IMPORTANT FOR OUR 07:45:30:09 --:--:--:-- FIELD. 07:45:31:04 --:--:--:-- TELL US WHAT YOU DO. 07:45:31:27 --:--:--:-- >> WE ADMINISTER THE YOUTH RISK 07:45:33:22 --:--:--:-- BEHAVIOR SURVEY, AND WE COMPARE 07:45:35:25 --:--:--:-- THAT WITH THE CENTER FOR DISEASE 07:45:37:05 --:--:--:-- CONTROL'S NATIONAL AVERAGES. 07:45:39:05 --:--:--:-- AND WE--LIKE I SAID, WE WERE 07:45:41:09 --:--:--:-- DEAD EVEN WITH THE NATIONAL 07:45:42:16 --:--:--:-- AVERAGES IN TERMS OF COCAINE USE 07:45:44:19 --:--:--:-- FOR--FOR STUDENTS. 07:45:46:28 --:--:--:-- WHAT WE'VE SEEN FROM OUR 07:45:49:04 --:--:--:-- THERAPISTS WHO ARE A PART OF OUR 07:45:50:21 --:--:--:-- COALITION, THE ACTUAL COCAINE 07:45:53:22 --:--:--:-- USE HAS REALLY BEEN MORE 25 07:45:57:18 --:--:--:-- TO 35. 07:45:58:26 --:--:--:-- AND IN TERMS OF ANY CRACK, IT'S 07:46:01:02 --:--:--:-- USUALLY BEEN WITHIN THAT AGE 07:46:02:29 --:--:--:-- RANGE AS WELL. 07:46:05:02 --:--:--:-- AND MOST OF THEM HAVE BEEN, YOU 07:46:06:16 --:--:--:-- KNOW, FOLKS WHO HAVE BEEN ON 07:46:07:09 --:--:--:-- PROBATION. 07:46:08:00 --:--:--:-- SO WE'VE HAD KIND OF A HISTORY 07:46:09:14 --:--:--:-- OF--OF THE DRUG USE. 07:46:12:03 --:--:--:-- A LOT OF OUR--OUR YOUNG PEOPLE 07:46:13:09 --:--:--:-- SEE CRACK AS A VERY DIRTY DRUG, 07:46:15:22 --:--:--:-- AND THEY REALLY STAY AWAY FROM 07:46:16:20 --:--:--:-- IT, BUT THE POWDER, I THINK, HAS 07:46:19:17 --:--:--:-- BEEN--HAS BEEN USED. 07:46:21:05 --:--:--:-- >> MM-HMM. 07:46:22:02 --:--:--:-- NOW, JOE, YOU'RE OUT AS A--AS AN 07:46:24:28 --:--:--:-- OFFICER ON THE STREET. 07:46:27:07 --:--:--:-- ARE YOU SEEING YOUNG PEOPLE, YOU 07:46:29:18 --:--:--:-- KNOW, USING CRACK AND POWDER, OR 07:46:32:15 --:--:--:-- IS THERE A--IS THERE A 07:46:33:08 --:--:--:-- DIFFERENCE ON WHO'S USING HERE 07:46:34:17 --:--:--:-- IN THIS LOCAL AREA? 07:46:35:24 --:--:--:-- >> I'M SEEING THE USE IN A LOT 07:46:36:29 --:--:--:-- OF DIFFERENT WAYS. 07:46:37:28 --:--:--:-- SOMETIMES THAT USAGE OF CRACK 07:46:39:27 --:--:--:-- COCAINE MAY BE LACED WITH-- 07:46:42:09 --:--:--:-- YOU KNOW, WHERE THEY'RE LACING 07:46:43:10 --:--:--:-- THEIR MARIJUANA OR SOMETHING 07:46:44:17 --:--:--:-- ALONG THAT LINE, WHICH IS JUST 07:46:46:05 --:--:--:-- AS ADDICTIVE. 07:46:48:19 --:--:--:-- THE POWDER COCAINE USAGE IS 07:46:50:02 --:--:--:-- STILL UP, AND IT'S VERY 07:46:52:03 --:--:--:-- CONCERNING TO COMMUNITIES ACROSS 07:46:54:10 --:--:--:-- THE NATION. 07:46:55:20 --:--:--:-- >> WE'VE SEEN A BIG INCREASE IN 07:46:56:28 --:--:--:-- POWDER COCAINE USE. 07:46:58:02 --:--:--:-- IT'S MADE A BIG COMEBACK. 07:46:59:22 --:--:--:-- YOU KNOW, I THINK PHIL BROUGHT 07:47:01:10 --:--:--:-- UP A POINT: CRACK COCAINE, IN 07:47:03:02 --:--:--:-- TERMS OF PERCEIVED DANGER, WHICH 07:47:04:14 --:--:--:-- IS IMPORTANT IN INITIATION OF 07:47:05:18 --:--:--:-- DRUG USE--IF YOU LOOK AT YOUTH 07:47:06:27 --:--:--:-- AND THE MONITORING THE FUTURE 07:47:07:28 --:--:--:-- STUDIES, CRACK COCAINE, THE 07:47:09:29 --:--:--:-- PERCEPTION OF DANGER IS MUCH 07:47:11:22 --:--:--:-- GREATER THAN POWDER COCAINE. 07:47:14:25 --:--:--:-- AND SO WE'RE SEEING A TREMENDOUS 07:47:16:08 --:--:--:-- INCREASE IN THE USE OF POWDER 07:47:17:25 --:--:--:-- COCAINE IN YOUNG ADULTS, 07:47:19:25 --:--:--:-- COLLEGE STUDENTS. 07:47:20:26 --:--:--:-- AND IT'S INTERESTING: A LARGE 07:47:23:03 --:--:--:-- PROPORTION OF THEM ARE YOUNGER 07:47:24:02 --:--:--:-- WOMEN, BECAUSE IT'S A GREAT DRUG 07:47:25:23 --:--:--:-- FOR WEIGHT CONTROL. 07:47:27:15 --:--:--:-- SO IT'S A GLAMOROUS DRUG. 07:47:29:14 --:--:--:-- AND THE PEOPLE DO SEE A 07:47:30:19 --:--:--:-- DIFFERENCE. 07:47:31:05 --:--:--:-- EVEN THOUGH IT'S THE SAME DRUG, 07:47:32:13 --:--:--:-- AND COCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE IS THE 07:47:34:06 --:--:--:-- ACID AND THAT'S WHAT YOU SNORT 07:47:35:28 --:--:--:-- AND CRACK COCAINE IS THE BASE, 07:47:37:27 --:--:--:-- PEOPLE LOOK AT IT OFTEN AS TWO 07:47:39:22 --:--:--:-- DIFFERENT DRUGS, AND IT'S NOT. 07:47:42:00 --:--:--:-- SO WE'RE SEEING--IN THE 07:47:42:29 --:--:--:-- TREATMENT FIELD, I STILL SEE A 07:47:45:20 --:--:--:-- LOT OF CRACK COCAINE ADDICTION, 07:47:47:03 --:--:--:-- BUT I'VE SEEN A GREAT RETURN TO 07:47:49:29 --:--:--:-- THE USE OF POWDER COCAINE, 07:47:51:08 --:--:--:-- ESPECIALLY IN YOUNGER ADULTS. 07:47:53:25 --:--:--:-- >> OKAY, AND YOU SAID IT WAS A 07:47:54:28 --:--:--:-- GREAT DRUG FOR WEIGHT CONTROL, 07:47:57:21 --:--:--:-- WHICH SOUNDS--SOUNDS BAD. 07:48:01:09 --:--:--:-- >> I'M NOT ADVOCATING IT. 07:48:02:06 --:--:--:-- >> YEAH, RIGHT. 07:48:03:07 --:--:--:-- >> LET'S MAKE THAT CLEAR. 07:48:04:02 --:--:--:-- >> SO--BUT YOU WILL EVENTUALLY 07:48:06:10 --:--:--:-- BECOME ADDICTED OR NOT. 07:48:07:26 --:--:--:-- I MEAN, LET'S TALK A LITTLE BIT 07:48:08:24 --:--:--:-- ABOUT THE ADDICTIVE PROPERTIES. 07:48:10:05 --:--:--:-- >> WELL, YOU KNOW, ADDICTION AS 07:48:12:04 --:--:--:-- AN ILLNESS, LIKE ANY OTHER 07:48:13:04 --:--:--:-- ILLNESS, IS MULTIFACTORIAL. 07:48:15:03 --:--:--:-- THERE'S A--THERE'S--IT'S A-- 07:48:16:07 --:--:--:-- WE KNOW THAT IT'S HIJACKING OF 07:48:17:06 --:--:--:-- THE BRAIN, AND WE KNOW THAT-- 07:48:18:21 --:--:--:-- YOU KNOW, IF YOU TAKE YOUR 07:48:20:01 --:--:--:-- FINGER AND YOU PUT IT IN THE 07:48:20:28 --:--:--:-- MIDDLE OF YOUR HEAD HERE AND 07:48:22:15 --:--:--:-- THEN THE MIDDLE HERE, YOU COME 07:48:23:21 --:--:--:-- TO THE CENTER PART OF THE BRAIN, 07:48:25:00 --:--:--:-- VERY PRIMITIVE PART OF YOUR 07:48:26:04 --:--:--:-- BRAIN THAT'S IMPORTANT IN 07:48:27:14 --:--:--:-- REWARD. 07:48:28:24 --:--:--:-- AND THERE'S A--THERE ARE SOME 07:48:30:05 --:--:--:-- FANCY NAMES, BUT IT'S BASICALLY 07:48:31:07 --:--:--:-- A REWARD PATHWAY. 07:48:32:06 --:--:--:-- AND WE KNOW THAT ADDICTION IS 07:48:33:13 --:--:--:-- BASICALLY A HIJACKING OF THAT 07:48:34:29 --:--:--:-- PART--THAT PART OF THE BRAIN 07:48:36:11 --:--:--:-- HIJACKS THE REST OF THE BRAIN. 07:48:38:03 --:--:--:-- NOW, THERE'S A LOT OF FACTORS 07:48:41:27 --:--:--:-- THAT GO INTO ADDICTION. 07:48:43:00 --:--:--:-- THERE'S GENETICS. 07:48:44:08 --:--:--:-- FAMILY HISTORY OF ALCOHOLISM OR 07:48:45:27 --:--:--:-- DRUG ADDICTION IS IMPORTANT, 07:48:47:13 --:--:--:-- JUST LIKE IT IS WITH ANY 07:48:48:09 --:--:--:-- ILLNESS. 07:48:48:28 --:--:--:-- GENETIC PREDISPOSITION IS--IS-- 07:48:50:20 --:--:--:-- IS CRITICAL. 07:48:52:14 --:--:--:-- AND THEN THERE ARE OTHER ISSUES 07:48:54:10 --:--:--:-- AS WELL, YOU KNOW, WHAT YOUR 07:48:55:11 --:--:--:-- ENVIRONMENT IS LIKE WHEN YOU'RE 07:48:56:12 --:--:--:-- RAISED, YOU KNOW, PSYCHOLOGICAL 07:48:59:05 --:--:--:-- PERSONALITY FACTORS, YOU KNOW, 07:49:02:16 --:--:--:-- PEER INFLUENCES. 07:49:04:14 --:--:--:-- LIKE ANY ILLNESS, IT'S 07:49:05:12 --:--:--:-- MULTIFACTORIAL. 07:49:06:07 --:--:--:-- BUT ADDICTION HAS A--THERE'S A 07:49:07:16 --:--:--:-- GENETIC PREDISPOSITION. 07:49:08:26 --:--:--:-- AND NOT EVERYBODY IS AS 07:49:09:24 --:--:--:-- VULNERABLE. 07:49:10:14 --:--:--:-- THERE ARE SOME BRAINS THAT, 07:49:11:22 --:--:--:-- EXPOSED--IF THEY'RE EXPOSED 07:49:12:22 --:--:--:-- TO COCAINE, IT'S GONNA BE, "WOW, 07:49:14:22 --:--:--:-- I LIKE THAT," AND OFF THEY GO, 07:49:16:13 --:--:--:-- AND THERE'S OTHER PEOPLE THAT 07:49:17:12 --:--:--:-- MIGHT DO THE DRUG AND NOT LIKE 07:49:19:12 --:--:--:-- IT SO MUCH. 07:49:20:14 --:--:--:-- BUT IT DOES HAVE WHAT WE CALL-- 07:49:22:09 --:--:--:-- COCAINE HAS GOT ONE OF THE 07:49:23:05 --:--:--:-- HIGHEST ADDICTION LIABILITIES. 07:49:24:19 --:--:--:-- AND WHAT THAT MEANS IS, FOR 07:49:26:08 --:--:--:-- EVERY 100 PEOPLE EXPOSED TO 07:49:28:15 --:--:--:-- COCAINE, THERE'S GONNA BE A 07:49:29:11 --:--:--:-- LARGER AMOUNT OF PEOPLE THAT 07:49:30:16 --:--:--:-- WOULD BECOME ADDICTED TO COCAINE 07:49:32:00 --:--:--:-- THAN, LET'S SAY, THEY WOULD FOR 07:49:34:03 --:--:--:-- ALCOHOL AND MARIJUANA. 07:49:35:13 --:--:--:-- IT'S A DRUG THAT HAS 07:49:36:12 --:--:--:-- TREMENDOUS--WHAT WE CALL 07:49:37:22 --:--:--:-- A EUPHORIGENIC. 07:49:39:18 --:--:--:-- IT MAKES PEOPLE FEEL GOOD, 07:49:40:13 --:--:--:-- AND THEY LIKE IT. 07:49:41:19 --:--:--:-- >> WELL, I WANT TO GET BACK TO 07:49:42:18 --:--:--:-- THAT IN A LITTLE BIT, BECAUSE I 07:49:44:24 --:--:--:-- THINK IT'S REALLY IMPORTANT THAT 07:49:45:26 --:--:--:-- WE TALK MORE ABOUT THE MEDICAL 07:49:48:12 --:--:--:-- EFFECTS. 07:49:49:09 --:--:--:-- BUT I WANT TO JUMP BACK, IF I 07:49:50:27 --:--:--:-- CAN, TO SOME OF THE BASICS, 07:49:54:04 --:--:--:-- AND I WANT TO TALK ABOUT, YOU 07:49:55:05 --:--:--:-- KNOW, WHAT WE'RE DOING TO STEM 07:49:58:12 --:--:--:-- THE FLOW OF DRUGS INTO THE-- 07:50:00:05 --:--:--:-- INTO THE COUNTRY. 07:50:00:27 --:--:--:-- AND I THINK THAT OUR LAW 07:50:01:29 --:--:--:-- ENFORCEMENT FRIENDS HERE CAN 07:50:03:15 --:--:--:-- HELP US WITH THIS. 07:50:05:29 --:--:--:-- YOU KNOW, WHAT HAVE WE SEEN, 07:50:07:09 --:--:--:-- FROM A DEA PERSPECTIVE, SINCE 07:50:09:11 --:--:--:-- THAT--THAT EPIDEMIC IN THE '80s? 07:50:12:06 --:--:--:-- WHAT HAS CHANGED? 07:50:12:29 --:--:--:-- WHAT HASN'T CHANGED? 07:50:13:24 --:--:--:-- AND WHAT ARE SOME OF YOUR 07:50:15:12 --:--:--:-- EFFORTS? 07:50:16:22 --:--:--:-- >> WELL, MARY, THE DEA, WE 07:50:18:06 --:--:--:-- ATTACK MAJOR DRUG ORGANIZATIONS. 07:50:21:02 --:--:--:-- AND WE'RE GETTING BETTER AT IT 07:50:23:00 --:--:--:-- EVERY DAY. 07:50:24:17 --:--:--:-- I DON'T THINK MOST PEOPLE 07:50:25:12 --:--:--:-- REALIZE THE AMOUNT OF EFFORT 07:50:26:24 --:--:--:-- THAT GOES INTO THAT FROM OTHER 07:50:28:22 --:--:--:-- AGENCIES, SUCH AS NSA, CIA, 07:50:34:05 --:--:--:-- THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, OUR 07:50:37:16 --:--:--:-- OTHER BROTHERS IN LAW 07:50:38:19 --:--:--:-- ENFORCEMENT, SUCH AS JOE HERE, 07:50:40:04 --:--:--:-- FROM STATE AND LOCAL POLICE 07:50:41:23 --:--:--:-- DEPARTMENTS. 07:50:43:08 --:--:--:-- WE--WE HAVE COALITIONS THAT 07:50:45:17 --:--:--:-- FOCUS ON THIS PROBLEM. 07:50:47:19 --:--:--:-- WE'VE ALSO PARTNERED UP 07:50:49:15 --:--:--:-- WITH OUR INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS, 07:50:51:12 --:--:--:-- WITH OUR COUNTERPARTS OVERSEAS. 07:50:53:20 --:--:--:-- FOR EXAMPLE, MY PREVIOUS 07:50:55:19 --:--:--:-- ASSIGNMENT WAS IN MEXICO AND 07:50:56:25 --:--:--:-- CENTRAL AMERICA, WHERE WE FORMED 07:51:00:29 --:--:--:-- THESE SPECIAL INVESTIGATIVE 07:51:02:28 --:--:--:-- UNITS. 07:51:05:04 --:--:--:-- BECAUSE CORRUPTION IN LATIN 07:51:06:06 --:--:--:-- AMERICA IS A MAJOR PROBLEM, 07:51:09:09 --:--:--:-- AND WHAT WE'VE DONE TO SORT OF 07:51:12:21 --:--:--:-- COUNTER--COUNTERMAND THAT IS, 07:51:15:00 --:--:--:-- WE'VE CREATED THESE SPECIALIZED 07:51:16:16 --:--:--:-- UNITS THAT GATHER INTELLIGENCE. 07:51:19:10 --:--:--:-- INTELLIGENCE IS OUR FOCAL POINT. 07:51:21:03 --:--:--:-- WITHOUT GOOD INTELLIGENCE, WE 07:51:23:05 --:--:--:-- CAN'T DIRECT THE BOATS THAT GO 07:51:25:09 --:--:--:-- OUT AND MAKE THE BIG SEIZURES 07:51:26:16 --:--:--:-- SUCH AS WE SAW HERE WITH THE 22 07:51:28:14 --:--:--:-- TONS SEIZED IN TAMPA A COUPLE 07:51:30:15 --:--:--:-- MONTHS AGO. 07:51:32:02 --:--:--:-- ALL THAT COMES FROM THE 07:51:33:11 --:--:--:-- INTELLIGENCE GATHERED BY THESE 07:51:36:16 --:--:--:-- SPECIALIZED UNITS. 07:51:38:08 --:--:--:-- WE GIVE THEM SPECIALIZED 07:51:39:18 --:--:--:-- TRAINING; WE POLYGRAPH THEM; 07:51:43:11 --:--:--:-- WE DRUG TEST THEM; WE DO 07:51:45:14 --:--:--:-- PSYCHOLOGICAL EXAMINATIONS 07:51:46:28 --:--:--:-- WITH THEM. 07:51:48:10 --:--:--:-- THEY BASICALLY FEED OUR 07:51:50:21 --:--:--:-- INTELLIGENCE OVERSEAS. 07:51:52:11 --:--:--:-- AND WE'RE--WE HAVE OPERATIONAL 07:51:54:17 --:--:--:-- INTELLIGENCE. 07:51:55:24 --:--:--:-- FOR EXAMPLE, IN MEXICO, IF WE 07:51:57:08 --:--:--:-- KNOW THERE'S A LOAD OF COCAINE 07:51:59:17 --:--:--:-- GOING--THAT'S GOING TO BE FLOWN 07:52:01:01 --:--:--:-- INTO THE YUCATAN--WHICH WOULD BE 07:52:02:12 --:--:--:-- DIFFICULT DURING A HURRICANE-- 07:52:04:07 --:--:--:-- BUT WHEN WE HAVE THAT SORT OF 07:52:06:03 --:--:--:-- INTELLIGENCE, WE DIRECT THESE 07:52:09:04 --:--:--:-- TRUSTED, VETTED UNITS TO THAT 07:52:11:20 --:--:--:-- LOCATION, AND WE SHARE VERY 07:52:14:16 --:--:--:-- SENSITIVE REAL-TIME INTELLIGENCE 07:52:16:07 --:--:--:-- WITH THEM, AND THAT HELPS US A 07:52:19:09 --:--:--:-- TREMENDOUS AMOUNT. 07:52:21:05 --:--:--:-- WE GET THEM THERE. 07:52:22:09 --:--:--:-- WE KNOW WHEN THEY GET THERE, 07:52:23:13 --:--:--:-- THEY'RE GOING TO DO THEIR JOB 07:52:24:11 --:--:--:-- RIGHT. 07:52:25:19 --:--:--:-- EVERY SIX MONTHS TO A YEAR, WE 07:52:27:12 --:--:--:-- REPOLYGRAPH THEM TO MAKE SURE 07:52:29:07 --:--:--:-- THEY'RE NOT CORRUPT AGAIN. 07:52:30:13 --:--:--:-- AND ALL THIS IS WITH OUR 07:52:31:23 --:--:--:-- PARTNERSHIPS AND AGREEMENTS 07:52:34:05 --:--:--:-- WITH--WITH THE VARIOUS 07:52:35:10 --:--:--:-- GOVERNMENTS. 07:52:36:11 --:--:--:-- >> SO YOU'VE GOT--YOU'VE GOT 07:52:37:10 --:--:--:-- REALLY GOOD COALITIONS IN PLACE 07:52:39:09 --:--:--:-- AND GREAT COOPERATION, AND 07:52:41:15 --:--:--:-- THAT'S REALLY IMPORTANT. 07:52:43:10 --:--:--:-- AND ON THE LOCAL LEVEL, FROM 07:52:45:14 --:--:--:-- YOUR PERSPECTIVE, JOE... 07:52:46:21 --:--:--:-- >> AT THE LOCAL LEVEL, WE ALSO 07:52:48:02 --:--:--:-- UTILIZE RESOURCES, AND OUR 07:52:49:18 --:--:--:-- RESOURCES COME IN A LOT OF 07:52:50:20 --:--:--:-- DIFFERENT FACETS. 07:52:51:18 --:--:--:-- IT COULD BE RESOURCES OF 07:52:53:25 --:--:--:-- PARTNERSHIPPING WITH THE FEDERAL 07:52:55:05 --:--:--:-- GOVERNMENT, DEA, RESOURCES 07:52:57:10 --:--:--:-- SUCH AS THAT, OR ON A SIMPLISTIC 07:53:00:05 --:--:--:-- TERM, IT COULD BE MERELY A PHONE 07:53:02:16 --:--:--:-- CALL COMING FROM A PARENT OF 07:53:04:04 --:--:--:-- SOMEONE THAT'S HOOKED ON DRUGS, 07:53:06:08 --:--:--:-- THAT'S OUT THERE ON THE STREETS, 07:53:07:14 --:--:--:-- THAT'S--THAT'S VERY ADDICTED TO 07:53:11:09 --:--:--:-- DRUGS, AND THEY'RE NOT TAKING 07:53:12:24 --:--:--:-- CARE OF THEMSELVES; THEY'RE 07:53:13:22 --:--:--:-- BEING ARRESTED AND THINGS ALONG 07:53:15:04 --:--:--:-- THAT LINE. 07:53:16:01 --:--:--:-- PARENTS CALL IN ABOUT THE DRUG 07:53:17:13 --:--:--:-- HOUSE THAT'S ON THE CORNER OR 07:53:19:16 --:--:--:-- PEOPLE IN NEIGHBORHOODS THAT'S 07:53:20:23 --:--:--:-- BEING IMPACTED BY THESE ILLEGAL 07:53:22:17 --:--:--:-- DRUG HOUSES AND PEOPLE CALLING 07:53:25:04 --:--:--:-- US TO ASSIST THEM IN GETTING RID 07:53:28:04 --:--:--:-- OF THESE TROUBLESOME SPOTS OUT 07:53:30:01 --:--:--:-- OF THEIR COMMUNITY. 07:53:31:12 --:--:--:-- AND WE WORK VERY EFFECTIVELY 07:53:33:02 --:--:--:-- IN DOING THAT. 07:53:34:02 --:--:--:-- EVERY COMMUNITY ACROSS THE 07:53:35:15 --:--:--:-- NATION IS IMPACTED IN SOME WAY 07:53:38:27 --:--:--:-- BY THIS COCAINE OR CRACK COCAINE 07:53:42:22 --:--:--:-- SITUATION. 07:53:43:17 --:--:--:-- IT'S A PROBLEM. 07:53:45:17 --:--:--:-- >> SO NOW, I'VE SEEN THAT DRUGS 07:53:47:18 --:--:--:-- RUN IN CYCLES, YOU KNOW, THAT-- 07:53:49:17 --:--:--:-- OF POPULARITY, OR USE GOES UP 07:53:52:01 --:--:--:-- AND DOWN AND COMES BACK. 07:53:54:06 --:--:--:-- WHAT'S THE CYCLE FOR COCAINE 07:53:56:03 --:--:--:-- THAT WE'RE SEEING? 07:53:58:00 --:--:--:-- >> FROM MY PERSPECTIVE, IT 07:53:59:06 --:--:--:-- DOESN'T HAVE A CYCLE. 07:54:00:18 --:--:--:-- IT'S BEEN THERE--I'VE BEEN IN 07:54:01:19 --:--:--:-- LAW ENFORCEMENT 37 YEARS, AND 07:54:03:22 --:--:--:-- IT'S ALWAYS BEEN THERE, AND IT'S 07:54:05:05 --:--:--:-- ALWAYS BEEN A THREAT. 07:54:06:27 --:--:--:-- IT'S DESTROYING OUR SOCIETY. 07:54:09:17 --:--:--:-- >> WELL, IT ACTUALLY HAS AN 07:54:10:14 --:--:--:-- INTERESTING HISTORY IN THAT, YOU 07:54:12:13 --:--:--:-- KNOW, COCAINE, FIRST OF ALL, 07:54:13:26 --:--:--:-- WASN'T REALLY ISOLATED FROM THE 07:54:15:10 --:--:--:-- COCA PLANT--I THINK IT WAS ABOUT 07:54:17:16 --:--:--:-- 1860s IN GERMANY. 07:54:19:19 --:--:--:-- BUT THE--THIS ISN'T THE FIRST 07:54:21:15 --:--:--:-- COCAINE PROBLEM WE'VE HAD IN THE 07:54:23:04 --:--:--:-- UNITED STATES, IN THE 80s. 07:54:24:07 --:--:--:-- ACTUALLY, YOU KNOW, VIN MARIANI, 07:54:27:10 --:--:--:-- THE DRINK, HAD COCAINE IN IT. 07:54:29:27 --:--:--:-- COCA-COLA, THE ORIGINAL DRINK 07:54:31:04 --:--:--:-- HAD--HAD ACTUAL COCAINE. 07:54:33:15 --:--:--:-- AND IN THE--AT THE TURN OF THE-- 07:54:35:21 --:--:--:-- IN THE EARLY 1900s, AT THE TURN 07:54:37:05 --:--:--:-- OF THE CENTURY THERE, COCAINE 07:54:38:15 --:--:--:-- WAS A MAJOR PROBLEM. 07:54:40:20 --:--:--:-- AND IN 1914, ACTUALLY, THE 07:54:43:12 --:--:--:-- HARRISON TAX ACT, I MEAN, THEY 07:54:45:04 --:--:--:-- BANNED--COCAINE WAS BANNED 07:54:46:06 --:--:--:-- AS A--AS A--AS A DRUG, OKAY, 07:54:49:25 --:--:--:-- ONLY BY PRESCRIPTION, AND THEN 07:54:51:14 --:--:--:-- WENT AWAY FOR A PERIOD OF TIME. 07:54:52:28 --:--:--:-- BUT THE--THE--IF YOU-- 07:54:54:20 --:--:--:-- IT'S AN INTERESTING HISTORY 07:54:56:06 --:--:--:-- IN THAT IF YOU LOOK AT THE 07:54:57:20 --:--:--:-- LITERATURE IN THE LATE '70s AND 07:55:00:06 --:--:--:-- EARLY '80s, COCAINE WAS BILLED 07:55:01:21 --:--:--:-- AS A RECREATIONAL DRUG. 07:55:03:03 --:--:--:-- IN THE AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC 07:55:04:03 --:--:--:-- ASSOCIATION, IT WAS LABELED AS A 07:55:06:06 --:--:--:-- NONADDICTIVE DRUG. 07:55:07:09 --:--:--:-- AND IF YOU GO BACK AND YOU GO TO 07:55:08:10 --:--:--:-- THE TEXT AND THE LITERATURE IN 07:55:10:00 --:--:--:-- THE LATE '70s, IT WAS NOT 07:55:12:15 --:--:--:-- PERCEIVED AS AN ADDICTIVE DRUG, 07:55:14:21 --:--:--:-- SO--EVEN THOUGH IN THE EARLY 07:55:16:18 --:--:--:-- 1900s, WE KNEW IT WAS A PROBLEM. 07:55:18:16 --:--:--:-- SO WE HAVE--IN GENERAL, WITH THE 07:55:19:25 --:--:--:-- DRUG PROBLEM IN OUR COUNTRY, WE 07:55:21:18 --:--:--:-- HAVE SOMETHING WE--YOU KNOW, WE 07:55:22:28 --:--:--:-- CALL "GENERATIONAL FORGETTING." 07:55:24:17 --:--:--:-- WE FORGET THAT DRUGS HAVE BEEN A 07:55:25:20 --:--:--:-- PROBLEM AND THEN THEY COULD 07:55:26:20 --:--:--:-- COME BACK AND THAT-- 07:55:27:14 --:--:--:-- YOU KNOW, WE'VE SEEN THAT 07:55:28:07 --:--:--:-- WITH OPIATES TODAY, AND WE 07:55:30:04 --:--:--:-- SEE IT WITH COCAINE. 07:55:31:05 --:--:--:-- SO DRUGS ALL SHARE THIS HISTORY 07:55:33:18 --:--:--:-- THAT THEY COME OUT OF THE TIME. 07:55:35:06 --:--:--:-- AND THEY'RE USUALLY ASSOCIATED-- 07:55:36:27 --:--:--:-- THEY'RE THOUGHT TO BE A PANACEA 07:55:38:04 --:--:--:-- OF SOME SORT. 07:55:39:13 --:--:--:-- IN COCAINE'S HISTORY, YOU KNOW, 07:55:41:00 --:--:--:-- SIGMUND FREUD IS WELL WRITTEN 07:55:42:08 --:--:--:-- ABOUT, ABOUT HIM SEEING COCAINE 07:55:43:22 --:--:--:-- AS A WONDERFUL MEDICAL PANACEA. 07:55:45:20 --:--:--:-- AND HE WASN'T THE FIRST. 07:55:47:07 --:--:--:-- SO WE HAVE THIS KIND OF HISTORY 07:55:48:15 --:--:--:-- OF A DRUG COMING OUT WITH A LOT 07:55:50:02 --:--:--:-- OF PROMISE AND THEN BEING ABUSED 07:55:53:04 --:--:--:-- AND A PROBLEM WITH IT, GOING 07:55:54:11 --:--:--:-- AWAY, AND THEN COMING BACK. 07:55:55:18 --:--:--:-- AND AS LARRY SAID, SINCE THE-- 07:55:57:09 --:--:--:-- YOU KNOW, THE PROBLEM HAS NOT 07:55:58:14 --:--:--:-- GONE AWAY SINCE--SINCE THE '70s. 07:56:01:19 --:--:--:-- BUT IF YOU LOOK AT THE 07:56:02:13 --:--:--:-- LITERATURE IN THE LATE '70s, IT 07:56:03:19 --:--:--:-- WAS NOT BILLED AS AN ADDICTIVE 07:56:05:11 --:--:--:-- DRUG, BECAUSE IT DOES NOT HAVE 07:56:06:16 --:--:--:-- THE CLASSIC WITHDRAWAL THAT 07:56:08:21 --:--:--:-- ALCOHOL AND HEROIN HAS. 07:56:10:14 --:--:--:-- AND IT WAS--MANY WELL-KNOWN 07:56:13:13 --:--:--:-- PEOPLE CITED IT AS A SAFE 07:56:15:02 --:--:--:-- RECREATIONAL DRUG. 07:56:16:04 --:--:--:-- >> BUT I THINK, FROM EDUCATION 07:56:17:14 --:--:--:-- AND STUDIES THAT'S BEEN DONE, WE 07:56:19:17 --:--:--:-- ALL KNOW THAT THERE'S HARMFUL 07:56:21:00 --:--:--:-- EFFECTS THAT'S COMING FROM THIS 07:56:23:01 --:--:--:-- VERY DANGEROUS DRUG. 07:56:25:12 --:--:--:-- >> AND NOT ONLY THAT, BUT IT'S 07:56:27:16 --:--:--:-- LINKED TO CRIME. 07:56:28:28 --:--:--:-- CAN WE TALK ABOUT THAT 07:56:29:20 --:--:--:-- A LITTLE BIT? 07:56:30:10 --:--:--:-- HOW--HOW ARE--HOW ARE DRUGS 07:56:31:29 --:--:--:-- LINKED TO CRIME IN GENERAL? 07:56:34:19 --:--:--:-- >> WE TALK ABOUT, FROM MY 07:56:35:15 --:--:--:-- PERSPECTIVE, JUST PEOPLE 07:56:37:25 --:--:--:-- PROVIDING FINANCIAL RESOURCES 07:56:39:24 --:--:--:-- FOR THEIR ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOR. 07:56:43:03 --:--:--:-- THEY'RE COMMITTING THEFTS, 07:56:45:24 --:--:--:-- ROBBERIES, BURGLARIES. 07:56:47:29 --:--:--:-- I MEAN, THE LIST JUST GOES ON. 07:56:49:15 --:--:--:-- YOU SEE PROSTITUTION 07:56:50:16 --:--:--:-- TIED INTO IT. 07:56:52:16 --:--:--:-- A LOT OF THE VICES THAT PEOPLE 07:56:55:18 --:--:--:-- BRING IN THE DRUG ARENA IS-- 07:56:57:26 --:--:--:-- DEFINITELY IS CONTRIBUTING TO 07:57:00:06 --:--:--:-- OTHER CRIMES, OTHER--BECAUSE 07:57:02:15 --:--:--:-- THEY'VE GOT TO PAY FOR THEIR 07:57:03:18 --:--:--:-- ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOR. 07:57:04:21 --:--:--:-- >> RIGHT. 07:57:05:06 --:--:--:-- SO WE'VE GOT ORGANIZED CRIME AS 07:57:06:27 --:--:--:-- WELL INTERNATIONALLY. 07:57:08:06 --:--:--:-- WE'VE GOT THE LOCAL CRIME. 07:57:09:28 --:--:--:-- AND YOU'RE SAYING COCAINE HAS 07:57:12:00 --:--:--:-- ALWAYS BEEN WITH US. 07:57:12:28 --:--:--:-- HOW--HOW HAVE WE BEEN ABLE TO-- 07:57:14:21 --:--:--:-- WHAT HAVE BEEN SOME OF OUR 07:57:15:18 --:--:--:-- TACTICS TO TRY TO STEM THE TIDE? 07:57:19:15 --:--:--:-- >> ONE OF OUR MOST POWERFUL 07:57:20:17 --:--:--:-- WEAPONS, MARY, IS EXTRADITION. 07:57:23:06 --:--:--:-- AND WHAT WE'VE SEEN IN COLOMBIA 07:57:27:01 --:--:--:-- WITH THE EXTRADITION OF THESE 07:57:28:21 --:--:--:-- HUGE DRUG LORDS--WE RECENTLY 07:57:32:08 --:--:--:-- EXTRADITED THE HEAD OF THE CALI 07:57:34:15 --:--:--:-- CARTEL, THE TWO BROTHERS, THE 07:57:35:29 --:--:--:-- RODRIGUEZ OREJUELA BROTHERS, WHO 07:57:37:21 --:--:--:-- WERE RECENTLY CONVICTED IN 07:57:38:24 --:--:--:-- MIAMI. 07:57:41:16 --:--:--:-- THOSE PEOPLE WERE THOUGHT TO BE 07:57:42:16 --:--:--:-- UNTOUCHABLE AT ONE POINT IN THE 07:57:44:00 --:--:--:-- ERA OF THE '80s WITH PABLO 07:57:45:15 --:--:--:-- ESCOBAR BURNING DOWN THE LAW 07:57:48:15 --:--:--:-- ENFORCEMENT BUILDINGS DOWN 07:57:49:21 --:--:--:-- THERE, SEIZING THE JUDGES IN 07:57:52:17 --:--:--:-- COLOMBIA. 07:57:54:05 --:--:--:-- WE'VE SEEN A GREAT TURNAROUND 07:57:56:17 --:--:--:-- WITH THE EXTRADITION TREATIES 07:57:59:20 --:--:--:-- WITH COLOMBIA. 07:58:00:26 --:--:--:-- NOW MEXICO'S ON BOARD. 07:58:03:00 --:--:--:-- THEY'VE BEEN EXTRADITING MORE 07:58:04:03 --:--:--:-- AND MORE OF THE MAJOR DRUG 07:58:05:08 --:--:--:-- TRAFFICKERS. 07:58:05:26 --:--:--:-- THEY JUST EXTRADITED ABOUT SIX 07:58:08:12 --:--:--:-- MONTHS AGO OSIEL CARDENAS, A 07:58:10:08 --:--:--:-- HUGE MEXICAN DRUG TRAFFICKER. 07:58:13:14 --:--:--:-- THESE PEOPLE WERE VIOLENT. 07:58:15:14 --:--:--:-- THESE PEOPLE OWNED TOWNS. 07:58:17:05 --:--:--:-- THEY OWNED LOCAL GOVERNMENTS. 07:58:19:15 --:--:--:-- THEY HAD EVERYBODY ON THEIR 07:58:20:19 --:--:--:-- PAYROLL, FROM THE CAB DRIVER TO 07:58:22:09 --:--:--:-- THE SHOESHINE BOY TO THE MAYOR. 07:58:25:19 --:--:--:-- AND I LIKEN IT TO THE WAY IT 07:58:27:21 --:--:--:-- USED TO BE HERE, MAYBE, BACK 07:58:28:27 --:--:--:-- WHEN AL CAPONE RULED CHICAGO. 07:58:31:28 --:--:--:-- BUT WE'VE TAKEN GREAT INROADS 07:58:34:25 --:--:--:-- WITH EXTRADITION. 07:58:36:05 --:--:--:-- THESE HUGE DRUG LORDS, 07:58:38:06 --:--:--:-- THEY FEAR COMING TO THE UNITED 07:58:39:11 --:--:--:-- STATES TO FACE OUR 07:58:40:16 --:--:--:-- JUDICIAL SYSTEM, 07:58:41:22 --:--:--:-- WHICH ISN'T PERFECT, BUT IT IS 07:58:43:26 --:--:--:-- THE BEST IN THIS HEMISPHERE 07:58:46:04 --:--:--:-- FOR SURE. 07:58:47:13 --:--:--:-- >> WELL, THANK GOD FOR THE DEA. 07:58:49:06 --:--:--:-- AND WE--WE APPRECIATE YOUR WORK 07:58:50:15 --:--:--:-- SO MUCH. 07:58:52:13 --:--:--:-- WE'RE GONNA TAKE A SHORT BREAK, 07:58:53:28 --:--:--:-- AND WHEN WE COME BACK, WE'LL 07:58:54:26 --:--:--:-- TALK MORE ABOUT THE EFFECT-- 07:58:56:09 07:58:58:14 HEALTH EFFECTS AND TREATMENT. 07:59:07:10 07:59:09:13 [violin music] 07:59:11:16 --:--:--:-- [children talking at once] 07:59:15:18 --:--:--:-- [sirens wailing] 07:59:16:18 --:--:--:-- >> OH, YEAH. 07:59:17:18 --:--:--:-- >> MOM, I'M ON THE PHONE! 07:59:19:08 07:59:21:25 [drums playing] 07:59:27:19 --:--:--:-- >> female announcer: ONE IN FIVE 07:59:28:16 --:--:--:-- KIDS WILL SNIFF HOUSEHOLD 07:59:29:16 --:--:--:-- PRODUCTS TO GET HIGH. 07:59:31:01 --:--:--:-- INHALANT ABUSE CAN KILL THEM 07:59:32:24 --:--:--:-- EVEN THE FIRST TIME. 07:59:34:06 --:--:--:-- TALK TO YOUR KIDS TODAY ABOUT 07:59:35:12 07:59:37:12 THE DANGERS OF INHALANT ABUSE. 07:59:37:22 --:--:--:-- [dramatic music] 07:59:38:22 --:--:--:--   07:59:40:09 --:--:--:-- >> male announcer: THEY CLEAN 07:59:41:04 --:--:--:-- YOUR HOUSE, POLISH YOUR FLOORS, 07:59:45:10 --:--:--:-- SHINE YOUR FURNITURE, CORRECT 07:59:48:05 --:--:--:-- YOUR ERRORS, AND CAN KILL 07:59:51:04 --:--:--:-- YOUR KIDS. 07:59:53:14 --:--:--:-- THE EVERYDAY HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTS 07:59:55:00 --:--:--:-- YOUR KIDS ARE SNIFFING TO GET 07:59:56:16 --:--:--:-- HIGH HAVE ALWAYS BEEN RIGHT 07:59:58:09 --:--:--:-- UNDER YOUR NOSE TOO. 08:00:01:10 --:--:--:-- TALK TO YOUR KIDS 08:00:02:11 08:00:04:21 ABOUT THE DANGERS OF SNIFFING. 08:00:23:07 --:--:--:-- >> male announcer: NEARLY 85% OF 08:00:24:15 --:--:--:-- METH LABS ARE FOUND WITH THE 08:00:25:25 --:--:--:-- HELP OF INFORMANTS AND CONCERNED 08:00:27:17 --:--:--:-- CITIZENS. 08:00:31:03 --:--:--:-- [explosion] 08:00:33:07 --:--:--:-- THE REST FIND US. 08:00:34:29 08:00:36:29 LEARN MORE AT: 08:00:50:02 --:--:--:-- >> WELCOME BACK. 08:00:51:24 --:--:--:-- WE'RE GONNA TALK A LITTLE BIT 08:00:52:18 --:--:--:-- ABOUT THE HEALTH EFFECTS OF 08:00:53:22 --:--:--:-- COCAINE. 08:00:54:23 --:--:--:-- AND I'D LIKE TO START WITH OUR 08:00:56:16 --:--:--:-- ESTEEMED DOCTOR ON THE PANEL. 08:00:58:20 --:--:--:-- SCOTT, LET'S TALK A LITTLE BIT 08:00:59:19 --:--:--:-- ABOUT WHAT HAPPENS TO AN 08:01:00:29 --:--:--:-- INDIVIDUAL WHEN THEY TAKE 08:01:02:11 --:--:--:-- COCAINE. 08:01:03:19 --:--:--:-- >> WELL, FIRST OF ALL, IT 08:01:05:02 --:--:--:-- DEPENDS ON HOW THEY TAKE IT, 08:01:07:24 --:--:--:-- BECAUSE THE ONSET OF ACTION IS 08:01:09:25 --:--:--:-- GOING TO DEPEND ON THE ROUTE 08:01:12:15 --:--:--:-- OF INGESTION. 08:01:13:19 --:--:--:-- SO IF THEY SNORT COCAINE, 08:01:15:15 --:--:--:-- SOMETIME, YOU KNOW, 10 TO 15 08:01:17:06 --:--:--:-- MINUTES LATER, THEY'RE GOING TO 08:01:19:05 --:--:--:-- FEEL A TREMENDOUS EUPHORIA. 08:01:22:28 --:--:--:-- PHYSICALLY, IN THE BODY, THE 08:01:24:02 --:--:--:-- HEART RATE INCREASES; BLOOD 08:01:25:01 --:--:--:-- PRESSURE INCREASES; BODY 08:01:27:02 --:--:--:-- TEMPERATURE INCREASES. 08:01:29:02 --:--:--:-- AND IT'S AN EXCITATORY EFFECT. 08:01:32:00 --:--:--:-- OFTEN PEOPLE INITIALLY WITH THE 08:01:33:24 --:--:--:-- HIGH WILL FEEL THE WONDERFUL 08:01:36:14 --:--:--:-- EUPHORIA THEY'LL DESCRIBE. 08:01:37:15 --:--:--:-- THEY'LL GET TALKATIVE, AND 08:01:38:24 --:--:--:-- THEY'LL BE MORE FOCUSED. 08:01:40:04 --:--:--:-- AND THEY'LL--A LOT OF PEOPLE 08:01:41:02 --:--:--:-- WILL--IT'S A STIMULANT, SO 08:01:42:20 --:--:--:-- THEY'LL BE ABLE TO COMPLETE MORE 08:01:44:22 --:--:--:-- TASKS, BE MORE FOCUSED, PAY 08:01:47:05 --:--:--:-- BETTER ATTENTION. 08:01:50:09 --:--:--:-- THAT CHANGES. 08:01:51:07 --:--:--:-- THIS DRUG HAS WHAT WE CALL A 08:01:52:19 --:--:--:-- SHORT HALF-LIFE. 08:01:53:16 --:--:--:-- IT DISAPPEARS FROM THE BODY 08:01:55:27 --:--:--:-- PRETTY RAPIDLY, 10 TO 20 08:01:57:05 --:--:--:-- MINUTES. 08:01:57:24 --:--:--:-- SO YOU HAVE TO--THEN IF YOU'RE 08:01:59:12 --:--:--:-- SNORTING COCAINE, EVERY, LET'S 08:02:00:27 --:--:--:-- SAY, 15, 20 MINUTES, 20, 30 08:02:02:27 --:--:--:-- MINUTES, NEED MORE TO GET BACK 08:02:05:16 --:--:--:-- TO THAT SAME HIGH THAT YOU'RE 08:02:06:19 --:--:--:-- TRYING TO GET BACK TO. 08:02:07:17 --:--:--:-- NOW, PEOPLE THAT DO COCAINE WILL 08:02:08:20 --:--:--:-- TELL YOU THEY DON'T GET-- 08:02:09:29 --:--:--:-- THEY DON'T GET THERE. 08:02:10:28 --:--:--:-- THEY KIND OF CHASE THAT INITIAL 08:02:11:27 --:--:--:-- HIGH. 08:02:13:01 --:--:--:-- SMOKING COCAINE, SMOKING CRACK, 08:02:16:00 --:--:--:-- THE HIGH IS MUCH MORE RAPID-- 08:02:18:05 --:--:--:-- MUCH MORE RAPID ONSET TO THE 08:02:21:00 --:--:--:-- BRAIN, IN SIX TO EIGHT SECONDS. 08:02:23:08 --:--:--:-- SO THE HIGH IS GREATER, BUT 08:02:25:10 --:--:--:-- ALSO, THE NEGATIVE IS GREATER. 08:02:28:27 --:--:--:-- THERE'S A COUPLE ISSUES THAT ARE 08:02:30:07 --:--:--:-- REALLY CRITICAL WITH COCAINE. 08:02:31:10 --:--:--:-- COCAINE IS A VASOCONSTRICTOR, 08:02:33:09 --:--:--:-- MEANING IT CLAMPS DOWN ON BLOOD 08:02:35:02 --:--:--:-- VESSELS AND DECREASES THE AMOUNT 08:02:37:10 --:--:--:-- OF BLOOD FLOW TO VITAL ORGANS. 08:02:39:13 --:--:--:-- SO ACUTELY--AND IT'S NOT ALWAYS 08:02:42:01 --:--:--:-- DOSE-DEPENDENT--SOMEBODY CAN 08:02:43:23 --:--:--:-- HAVE SOME LETHAL EVENTS. 08:02:46:15 --:--:--:-- YOU HAVE LETHAL EVENTS, RANGING 08:02:47:18 --:--:--:-- FROM ARRHYTHMIAS OF THE HEART 08:02:49:11 --:--:--:-- TO HEART ATTACKS TO STROKES TO 08:02:52:01 --:--:--:-- BRAIN BLEEDS. 08:02:54:02 --:--:--:-- SO THERE'S A TON. 08:02:55:00 --:--:--:-- I MEAN, I COULD GO ON, WHICH 08:02:56:12 --:--:--:-- I'LL SPARE YOU, AND I WON'T. 08:02:57:23 --:--:--:-- BUT THERE'S A--THERE'S A LIST OF 08:03:00:18 --:--:--:-- ACUTE EVENTS AND CHRONIC EVENTS. 08:03:03:21 --:--:--:-- I JUST WANT TO ADD ONE THING, 08:03:04:24 --:--:--:-- THAT PSYCHIATRICALLY, ALTHOUGH 08:03:06:01 --:--:--:-- THE INITIAL FEELING IS ONE OF 08:03:08:24 --:--:--:-- TREMENDOUS EUPHORIA AND 08:03:09:26 --:--:--:-- WELL-BEING, AFTER AN EXTENDED 08:03:11:28 --:--:--:-- PERIOD OF TIME, COCAINE 08:03:13:18 --:--:--:-- TOXICITY--BECAUSE YOU KEEP 08:03:16:04 --:--:--:-- CHASING AN INITIAL HIGH. 08:03:16:27 --:--:--:-- YOU DON'T GET THERE. 08:03:17:27 --:--:--:-- AND PEOPLE ARE ANXIOUS, NERVOUS, 08:03:19:26 --:--:--:-- PARANOID, HYPERVIGILANT, HAVE 08:03:21:17 --:--:--:-- A RAPID HEARTBEAT, FEEL TERRIBLY 08:03:23:29 --:--:--:-- UNCOMFORTABLE, AND WILL--IT'S 08:03:27:26 --:--:--:-- ANYTHING BUT A HIGH. 08:03:28:25 --:--:--:-- BUT THEY CAN'T STOP. 08:03:30:12 --:--:--:-- THEY'RE CHASING THAT 08:03:31:06 --:--:--:-- INITIAL BUZZ. 08:03:32:00 --:--:--:-- SO BY THE END OF A NIGHT-- 08:03:33:09 --:--:--:-- AND I THINK LARRY WAS TALKING 08:03:34:13 --:--:--:-- INITIALLY ABOUT COCAINE--CRACK 08:03:36:24 --:--:--:-- COCAINE SEEMING LIKE IT'S A 08:03:37:26 --:--:--:-- CHEAPER HIGH BECAUSE YOU CAN BUY 08:03:39:03 --:--:--:-- ROCKS FOR $10 TO $20. 08:03:40:12 --:--:--:-- BY THE END OF A NIGHT, USUALLY 08:03:41:14 --:--:--:-- ONE OF TWO THINGS HAPPEN: EITHER 08:03:42:19 --:--:--:-- THE PERSON IS RUNNING OUT OF 08:03:43:16 --:--:--:-- MONEY OR COCAINE. 08:03:45:04 --:--:--:-- THEY CAN'T STOP. 08:03:46:00 --:--:--:-- AND THEN IF YOU SHOW THEM A 08:03:46:25 --:--:--:-- VIDEO, THEY'LL SAY, YOU KNOW, 08:03:48:03 --:--:--:-- "I'M NOT HIGH ANYMORE." 08:03:49:10 --:--:--:-- AND OFTEN, WHEN YOU SPEAK TO 08:03:50:05 --:--:--:-- SOMEBODY WITH COCAINE ADDICTION, 08:03:51:13 --:--:--:-- THEY WILL TELL YOU THAT THEY 08:03:52:17 --:--:--:-- LOOKED IN THE MIRROR, AND THEY 08:03:53:25 --:--:--:-- PROMISED THEMSELVES "NEVER 08:03:54:23 --:--:--:-- AGAIN," BECAUSE THEY'RE NOT 08:03:56:03 --:--:--:-- HIGH, THEY'RE PARANOID, THEY'RE 08:03:57:23 --:--:--:-- FEELING ANXIOUS, LOUSY, AND 08:03:59:18 --:--:--:-- THEY'VE JUST SPENT A TON OF 08:04:00:12 --:--:--:-- MONEY. 08:04:01:10 --:--:--:-- AND YET THE BRAIN REWARD IS SO 08:04:03:00 --:--:--:-- POSITIVE THAT THEY WILL RETURN 08:04:04:22 --:--:--:-- TO THAT USE. 08:04:05:09 --:--:--:-- IT MIGHT NOT--IT MIGHT BE THE 08:04:06:03 --:--:--:-- NEXT DAY; IT MIGHT BE IN TWO 08:04:07:06 --:--:--:-- WEEKS; IT MIGHT BE IN TWO 08:04:07:29 --:--:--:-- MONTHS. 08:04:08:15 --:--:--:-- >> SO YOU SPEAK OF THE BRAIN 08:04:09:18 --:--:--:-- REWARD. 08:04:10:21 --:--:--:-- ARE THERE BRAIN CHANGES 08:04:11:28 --:--:--:-- AS WELL? 08:04:12:26 --:--:--:-- >> YES, AND THAT'S ANOTHER--ONE 08:04:14:00 --:--:--:-- OF THE GREAT ADVANCEMENTS, I 08:04:16:24 --:--:--:-- THINK, IN ADDICTION SCIENCE IS 08:04:18:17 --:--:--:-- KNOWING THAT ADDICTION IS A 08:04:20:02 --:--:--:-- BRAIN DISEASE. 08:04:20:28 --:--:--:-- IT'S NOT A--WE DON'T--WE DON'T-- 08:04:23:19 --:--:--:-- WE NO LONGER TALK ABOUT A 08:04:24:14 --:--:--:-- DISEASE CONCEPT. 08:04:25:15 --:--:--:-- IT'S NOT A CONCEPT. 08:04:26:09 --:--:--:-- LIKE, DIABETES ISN'T A DISEASE 08:04:27:19 --:--:--:-- CONCEPT. 08:04:28:09 --:--:--:-- I MEAN, THE--THE BIOLOGY AND THE 08:04:29:24 --:--:--:-- NEUROBIOLOGY ARE THERE. 08:04:31:06 --:--:--:-- THE BRAIN CHANGES 08:04:32:07 --:--:--:-- LAST FOR A LONG TIME. 08:04:33:14 --:--:--:-- SO THE DRUG MIGHT BE OUT OF YOUR 08:04:34:17 --:--:--:-- BODY, BUT THE CHANGES IN YOUR 08:04:36:25 --:--:--:-- BRAIN STICK AROUND FOR A LONG 08:04:38:05 --:--:--:-- TIME. 08:04:40:03 --:--:--:-- AND THAT--IT'S KIND OF LIKE IF 08:04:41:04 --:--:--:-- YOU RUN YOUR CAR INTO A TREE. 08:04:42:11 --:--:--:-- YOU MIGHT MOVE THE CAR AWAY FROM 08:04:43:15 --:--:--:-- THE TREE; THE DENT IS STILL IN 08:04:44:17 --:--:--:-- THE CAR. 08:04:45:12 --:--:--:-- SO THE BRAIN CHANGES WITH 08:04:46:16 --:--:--:-- COCAINE LAST FOR MONTHS, 08:04:48:11 --:--:--:-- SOMETIMES, NOT YEARS. 08:04:49:27 --:--:--:-- >> SO, SCOTT, WHAT ARE WE SEEING 08:04:50:25 --:--:--:-- HERE ON THIS SLIDE? 08:04:51:21 --:--:--:-- >> THAT'S A FASCINATING SLIDE. 08:04:53:07 --:--:--:-- THAT'S--THAT SHOWS THE POWER OF 08:04:55:09 --:--:--:-- THE MEMORY OF DRUGS. 08:04:56:10 --:--:--:-- AND THERE'S A PART OF THE BRAIN 08:04:58:09 --:--:--:-- CALLED THE AMYGDALA, WHICH IS A 08:04:59:15 --:--:--:-- PART OF THE LIMBIC SYSTEM, A 08:05:01:00 --:--:--:-- VERY PRIMITIVE PART 08:05:01:25 --:--:--:-- OF THE BRAIN. 08:05:02:16 --:--:--:-- AND TO PUT IT SIMPLY, THE 08:05:04:09 --:--:--:-- AMYGDALA IS IMPORTANT IN 08:05:05:14 --:--:--:-- EMOTIONAL CONTENT OF MEMORY. 08:05:07:13 --:--:--:-- AND WHAT THAT SLIDE SHOWS, IF 08:05:09:11 --:--:--:-- YOU LOOK AT THE ONE ON MY LEFT, 08:05:11:04 --:--:--:-- THE AMYGDALA, THAT'S SOMEBODY 08:05:12:18 --:--:--:-- WATCHING A NATURE VIDEO. 08:05:14:15 --:--:--:-- THAT'S A COCAINE ADDICT WATCHING 08:05:15:27 --:--:--:-- A NATURE VIDEO. 08:05:16:25 --:--:--:-- AND THAT--THAT PART OF THE BRAIN 08:05:18:05 --:--:--:-- DOES NOT LIGHT UP. 08:05:18:28 --:--:--:-- THEY'RE WATCHING THE VIDEO, AND 08:05:19:28 --:--:--:-- THEY COULDN'T REALLY CARE. 08:05:21:01 --:--:--:-- AND THEN THE NEXT PART IS, 08:05:22:23 --:--:--:-- THEY'RE SHOWING THAT SAME 08:05:23:26 --:--:--:-- PERSON, WHO HAS NOT USED 08:05:24:28 --:--:--:-- COCAINE IN AN EXTENDED PERIOD 08:05:26:07 --:--:--:-- OF TIME, THEY'RE SHOWING THEM 08:05:28:01 --:--:--:-- A SLIDE OF SOMEBODY USING 08:05:30:03 --:--:--:-- COCAINE, AND THAT PART OF THE 08:05:31:10 --:--:--:-- BRAIN RESPONSIBLE FOR EMOTIONAL 08:05:32:29 --:--:--:-- CONTENT OF MEMORY LIGHTS UP 08:05:34:28 --:--:--:-- LIKE A CHRISTMAS TREE. 08:05:36:05 --:--:--:-- AND THAT WOULD BE SIMILAR IF YOU 08:05:37:20 --:--:--:-- TOOK SOMEBODY WITH COCAINE, 08:05:38:22 --:--:--:-- CRACK COCAINE DEPENDENCE AND YOU 08:05:40:08 --:--:--:-- DROVE THEM BY THE AREA IN 08:05:42:05 --:--:--:-- ST. PETE WHERE THEY USED TO BUY 08:05:43:09 --:--:--:-- CRACK COCAINE. 08:05:44:05 --:--:--:-- THEY WILL--THEIR BRAINS WILL 08:05:46:17 --:--:--:-- LIGHT UP, AND THEY WILL--THEY 08:05:48:00 --:--:--:-- WILL CRAVE THAT DRUG. 08:05:50:00 --:--:--:-- AND-- 08:05:50:15 --:--:--:-- >> THAT'S A TRIGGER, RIGHT? 08:05:51:09 --:--:--:-- >> AND JOE WAS TALKING ABOUT IT 08:05:52:04 --:--:--:-- BEFORE WHEN HE WAS TALKING-- 08:05:52:29 --:--:--:-- HE WAS DISCUSSING PEOPLE 08:05:53:22 --:--:--:-- SALIVATING. 08:05:54:20 --:--:--:-- THAT'S--THAT'S A BIG TRIGGER. 08:05:56:03 --:--:--:-- THAT'S A BIG TREATMENT ISSUE, 08:05:56:29 --:--:--:-- TALKING ABOUT, YOU KNOW, PEOPLE, 08:05:58:10 --:--:--:-- PLACES, AND THINGS, NEEDING TO 08:05:59:09 --:--:--:-- CHANGE THEM. 08:06:00:18 --:--:--:-- SO THAT--THAT'S THE MEMORY OF 08:06:02:16 --:--:--:-- DRUGS, THE MEMORY OF EUPHORIC 08:06:04:00 --:--:--:-- RECALL. 08:06:04:15 --:--:--:-- IN OTHER WORDS, ONCE YOUR BRAIN 08:06:05:13 --:--:--:-- LIKES A DRUG, IT LIKES IT 08:06:06:15 --:--:--:-- FOREVER. 08:06:08:20 --:--:--:-- THAT'S--BUT THEN THERE'S ALSO 08:06:10:09 --:--:--:-- BRAIN CHANGES THAT COULD BE 08:06:12:00 --:--:--:-- CATASTROPHIC, THAT LAST FOR AN 08:06:15:11 --:--:--:-- EXTENDED PERIOD OF TIME, THAT 08:06:16:24 --:--:--:-- IT'S HARD TO PREDICT WHO THEY'RE 08:06:17:26 --:--:--:-- GONNA HAPPEN TO, AND THAT'S 08:06:20:01 --:--:--:-- UNKNOWN. 08:06:20:21 --:--:--:-- SO BRAIN CHANGES ARE NOT JUST 08:06:21:26 --:--:--:-- WITH THE HIGH OF THE DRUG. 08:06:22:24 --:--:--:-- AND PEOPLE HAVE A MISCONCEPTION 08:06:24:04 --:--:--:-- ABOUT THAT. 08:06:24:27 --:--:--:-- BRAIN CHANGES CAN LAST 08:06:25:20 --:--:--:-- A LONG TIME. 08:06:26:17 --:--:--:-- >> YOU--YOU TALK ABOUT THE BRAIN 08:06:27:25 --:--:--:-- CHANGES. 08:06:28:18 --:--:--:-- AND ONE OF THE THINGS THAT WE 08:06:29:23 --:--:--:-- SEE THAT'S PRETTY EVIDENT IS 08:06:31:07 --:--:--:-- THE--AND YOU MENTIONED ABOUT THE 08:06:32:24 --:--:--:-- RAPID WEIGHT LOSS. 08:06:35:10 --:--:--:-- AND THE WAY IT WAS EXPLAINED TO 08:06:36:21 --:--:--:-- ME BY SOMEONE OUT ON THE STREET, 08:06:38:20 --:--:--:-- SOMEBODY THAT HAD THE ADDICTIVE 08:06:40:03 --:--:--:-- BEHAVIOR, WAS THAT THE DRUG IS 08:06:42:11 --:--:--:-- SO POWERFUL IN THEIR LIVES THAT 08:06:44:04 --:--:--:-- THEY JUST DON'T WANT TO EAT, 08:06:46:24 --:--:--:-- DON'T WANT TO DRINK WATER OR 08:06:49:12 --:--:--:-- TAKE CARE OF THEMSELVES OR THE 08:06:50:19 --:--:--:-- NORMAL... 08:06:51:28 --:--:--:-- >> WELL, YES. 08:06:52:24 --:--:--:-- AND WHEN WE TALKED ABOUT THAT 08:06:53:22 --:--:--:-- REWARD PATHWAY OF DRUGS, THAT 08:06:56:07 --:--:--:-- SAME REWARD PATHWAY IS IMPORTANT 08:06:58:04 --:--:--:-- FOR THINGS OF THE SURVIVAL OF 08:06:59:26 --:--:--:-- THE HUMAN BEING: FOOD, SEX, 08:07:02:03 --:--:--:-- THIRST. 08:07:02:19 --:--:--:-- AND THAT'S EXACTLY RIGHT. 08:07:03:13 --:--:--:-- AND THAT'S WE CALL IT THE 08:07:04:04 --:--:--:-- HIJACKED BRAIN, BECAUSE WHAT 08:07:05:08 --:--:--:-- HAPPENS IS, THE--BASICALLY, THE 08:07:07:12 --:--:--:-- DRIVE FOR DRUGS BECOMES SO 08:07:10:14 --:--:--:-- OVERWHELMING THAT IT'S AT THE 08:07:12:01 --:--:--:-- EXPENSE OF EATING, DRINKING, YOU 08:07:15:07 --:--:--:-- KNOW, SEX. 08:07:17:08 --:--:--:-- IT'S A POWERFUL DRUG. 08:07:18:18 --:--:--:-- AND--AND WHEN YOU LOOK AT ANIMAL 08:07:20:02 --:--:--:-- STUDIES, FOR EXAMPLE, YOU KNOW, 08:07:21:19 --:--:--:-- MONKEYS, WHO ARE PRETTY SMART-- 08:07:22:24 --:--:--:-- PEOPLE MIGHT NOT WANT TO THINK 08:07:23:24 --:--:--:-- OF MONKEYS AS SMART ANIMALS, BUT 08:07:25:01 --:--:--:-- THEY'RE PRETTY SMART. 08:07:26:03 --:--:--:-- THEY WILL DO TREMENDOUS-- 08:07:28:22 --:--:--:-- PERFORM TREMENDOUSLY TO RECEIVE 08:07:30:25 --:--:--:-- COCAINE. 08:07:31:19 --:--:--:-- THEY'LL HAVE A SEIZURE, AND WHEN 08:07:33:20 --:--:--:-- THEY WAKE UP FROM HAVING THE 08:07:35:13 --:--:--:-- POST--WHAT WE CALL POSTICTAL 08:07:36:10 --:--:--:-- EFFECTS OF THE SEIZURE, THE 08:07:37:06 --:--:--:-- FIRST THING THEY DO IS LOOK FOR 08:07:38:01 --:--:--:-- MORE COCAINE. 08:07:39:04 --:--:--:-- SO THAT'S EXACTLY RIGHT. 08:07:40:02 --:--:--:-- THE DRIVE OF THE DRUG WILL-- 08:07:41:29 --:--:--:-- WILL OVER--WILL JUST KIND OF 08:07:45:02 --:--:--:-- DISRUPT THE REST OF LIFE'S 08:07:47:16 --:--:--:-- FUNCTIONS. 08:07:48:16 --:--:--:-- >> I KNOW WE HIT UPON THIS 08:07:49:15 --:--:--:-- EARLY, BUT ONE OF THE THINGS WE 08:07:50:18 --:--:--:-- TALKED ABOUT WAS THAT-- 08:07:52:10 --:--:--:-- THE PUNISHMENT SIDE OF IT. 08:07:53:27 --:--:--:-- YOU KNOW, ONE OF THE THINGS 08:07:54:26 --:--:--:-- THAT, AS A POLICE OFFICER, I DO 08:07:56:22 --:--:--:-- BEST IS ARREST PEOPLE. 08:07:58:27 --:--:--:-- AND I'M PRETTY EFFECTIVE 08:08:00:18 --:--:--:-- AT THAT. 08:08:01:08 --:--:--:-- OUR AGENCY IS PRETTY GOOD AT IT 08:08:02:18 --:--:--:-- ALSO. 08:08:03:07 --:--:--:-- BUT ONE OF THE THINGS IS THAT 08:08:04:25 --:--:--:-- WE--WE ARREST PEOPLE CONSTANTLY 08:08:07:00 --:--:--:-- FOR THE DRUGS. 08:08:09:14 --:--:--:-- AND WHEN WE ARREST THEM, THE 08:08:11:15 --:--:--:-- NEXT DAY, WE SEE THEM OUT IN THE 08:08:13:18 --:--:--:-- SAME LOCATION DOING THE SAME 08:08:16:02 --:--:--:-- THING, THE SAME TYPE OF 08:08:17:02 --:--:--:-- BEHAVIOR, AND WE ARREST THEM 08:08:18:11 --:--:--:-- AGAIN. 08:08:20:29 --:--:--:-- DOES THE PUNISHMENT HAVE A 08:08:22:10 --:--:--:-- DIRECT ASSOCIATION TO THEM? 08:08:26:03 --:--:--:-- >> WELL, I MEAN, THAT'S THE 08:08:26:27 --:--:--:-- HALLMARK OF ADDICTION. 08:08:28:10 --:--:--:-- I MEAN, ADDICTION IS REALLY 08:08:29:11 --:--:--:-- MARKED BY THREE BEHAVIORAL 08:08:30:20 --:--:--:-- CHARACTERISTICS: PREOCCUPATION 08:08:33:03 --:--:--:-- WITH A DRUG OR BEHAVIOR, 08:08:35:00 --:--:--:-- CONTINUED USE DESPITE ADVERSE 08:08:37:16 --:--:--:-- CONSEQUENCES, AND FAILED 08:08:38:25 --:--:--:-- ATTEMPTS TO CUT DOWN. 08:08:39:26 --:--:--:-- THOSE ARE THE THREE BEHAVIORAL 08:08:40:28 --:--:--:-- CHARACTERISTICS OF ANY 08:08:42:00 --:--:--:-- ADDICTION. 08:08:42:26 --:--:--:-- AND YOU TALKED ABOUT THE SECOND 08:08:43:28 --:--:--:-- ONE, CONTINUED USE. 08:08:45:23 --:--:--:-- THE PERSON WITHOUT THE DISEASE 08:08:48:02 --:--:--:-- OF DRUG ADDICTION, AFTER BEING 08:08:49:11 --:--:--:-- ARRESTED ONCE--OR JUST, LIKE, 08:08:51:23 --:--:--:-- A DUI. 08:08:52:11 --:--:--:-- AFTER ONE DUI, THE NONALCOHOLIC 08:08:53:28 --:--:--:-- WILL STOP THE BEHAVIOR. 08:08:55:09 --:--:--:-- THE PERSON WITH ADDICTION, THE 08:08:56:19 --:--:--:-- CONSEQUENCES WILL NOT STOP 08:08:58:06 --:--:--:-- PEOPLE. 08:08:58:26 --:--:--:-- AND THAT--YOU KNOW, THAT'S THE 08:08:59:22 --:--:--:-- POINT OF TREATMENT. 08:09:00:16 --:--:--:-- JUST CONSEQUENCES AND JUST 08:09:01:20 --:--:--:-- PUNISHMENT WILL NOT BE ENOUGH 08:09:03:04 --:--:--:-- TO STOP PEOPLE FROM 08:09:03:28 --:--:--:-- RETURNING TO USE. 08:09:04:21 --:--:--:-- >> RIGHT. 08:09:05:11 --:--:--:-- SO IT IS--SO IT IS NOT A MORAL 08:09:07:02 --:--:--:-- FAILING. 08:09:07:25 --:--:--:-- THIS IS OUT OF THEIR CONTROL. 08:09:10:17 --:--:--:-- AND IT CAN--IT CAN KILL. 08:09:12:14 --:--:--:-- THAT'S--THAT'S--WE'VE GOT-- 08:09:14:03 --:--:--:-- WE'VE GOT SOMETHING TO SHARE 08:09:14:27 --:--:--:-- WITH THE AUDIENCE NOW. 08:09:16:02 --:--:--:-- YOU KNOW, WE'VE TALKED ABOUT THE 08:09:17:00 --:--:--:-- FACT THAT COCAINE CAN KILL 08:09:19:12 --:--:--:-- EITHER IMMEDIATELY OR HAVE 08:09:20:25 --:--:--:-- PROFOUND AND DEADLY EFFECT LATER 08:09:22:18 --:--:--:-- ON IN LIFE. 08:09:23:27 --:--:--:-- IN A RECENT VISIT TO THE 08:09:24:28 --:--:--:-- COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIP IN TOLEDO, 08:09:26:12 --:--:--:-- OHIO, WE FOUND THAT NO COMMUNITY 08:09:29:04 08:09:32:04 OR INDIVIDUAL IS IMMUNE. 08:09:36:29 --:--:--:-- >> TOLEDO IS THE CROWN JEWEL OF 08:09:38:11 --:--:--:-- THE WESTERN END OF LAKE ERIE. 08:09:39:25 --:--:--:-- THAT'S HOW I LIKE TO DESCRIBE 08:09:41:02 --:--:--:-- IT TO MY FRIENDS. 08:09:42:02 --:--:--:-- IT'S A COMMUNITY THAT WAS 08:09:43:11 --:--:--:-- FOUNDED IN THE INDUSTRIAL 08:09:44:29 --:--:--:-- REVOLUTION, IN THE INDUSTRIAL 08:09:46:04 --:--:--:-- AGE, THROUGH STEEL, THROUGH 08:09:48:12 --:--:--:-- IRON, THROUGH MANUFACTURING AND 08:09:50:13 --:--:--:-- THEN AUTOMOTIVE. 08:09:52:14 --:--:--:-- WE ARE A MAJOR CROSSROADS, A 08:09:54:28 --:--:--:-- MAJOR PORT. 08:09:55:25 --:--:--:-- >> THIS COMMUNITY, FOUNDED ON 08:09:57:09 --:--:--:-- HARD WORK AND PERSEVERANCE, IS 08:09:59:02 --:--:--:-- FINDING A WAY TO DEAL WITH A 08:10:00:11 --:--:--:-- PROBLEM THAT DOESN'T SEEM TO 08:10:01:25 --:--:--:-- GO AWAY. 08:10:02:28 --:--:--:-- >> WE'RE STARTING TO SEE A 08:10:03:23 --:--:--:-- RESURGENCE OF CRACK COCAINE AND 08:10:06:07 --:--:--:-- A RESURGENCE OF THE POPULARITY 08:10:08:07 --:--:--:-- OF POWDER COCAINE. 08:10:09:14 --:--:--:-- FOLLOW THE MONEY. 08:10:10:11 --:--:--:-- YOU KNOW, THE SALE OF DRUGS 08:10:12:26 --:--:--:-- IS AN URBAN ISSUE. 08:10:14:16 --:--:--:-- THE USE OF DRUGS IS NOT AN URBAN 08:10:15:20 --:--:--:-- ISSUE. 08:10:16:13 --:--:--:-- THE USE OF DRUGS IS REALLY MUCH 08:10:18:00 --:--:--:-- A--WELL, IT'S A COMMUNITY-WIDE 08:10:20:08 --:--:--:-- ISSUE. 08:10:21:11 --:--:--:-- YOU KNOW, WHERE THERE'S PEOPLE, 08:10:22:16 --:--:--:-- THERE'S GONNA BE-- 08:10:23:04 --:--:--:-- WHERE THERE'S DRUGS AND 08:10:23:25 --:--:--:-- WHERE THERE'S PEOPLE, THERE'S 08:10:24:22 --:--:--:-- GONNA BE PEOPLE USING DRUGS. 08:10:25:26 --:--:--:-- >> LIKE MOST CITIES, TOLEDO HAS 08:10:27:12 --:--:--:-- AREAS IN NEED OF REPAIR WHERE 08:10:29:15 --:--:--:-- BUSINESSES HAVE CLOSED THEIR 08:10:30:14 --:--:--:-- DOORS, HOMES ARE ABANDONED, AND 08:10:32:21 --:--:--:-- THERE SEEMS TO BE LITTLE HOPE. 08:10:34:23 --:--:--:-- >> WE JUST SEE A LOT OF ARRESTS 08:10:38:04 --:--:--:-- COME THROUGH, AND THE VAST 08:10:40:13 --:--:--:-- MAJORITY ARE CRACK COCAINE. 08:10:42:13 --:--:--:-- YOU KNOW, A LOT OF YOUR--YOUR 08:10:44:12 --:--:--:-- CRIME IS RELATED TO DRUGS. 08:10:46:24 --:--:--:-- PEOPLE, THEY GO OUT, AND THEY 08:10:48:06 --:--:--:-- COMMIT THE BURGLARIES; 08:10:49:04 --:--:--:-- THEY COMMIT THE ROBBERIES TO 08:10:50:17 --:--:--:-- SATISFY THEIR DRUG NEED. 08:10:52:10 --:--:--:-- >> IT TAKES MORE THAN GUIDANCE 08:10:53:21 --:--:--:-- FROM THE TOP OF THE POLICE 08:10:54:21 --:--:--:-- DEPARTMENT OR A LEADER OF A 08:10:55:29 --:--:--:-- COALITION TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE. 08:10:58:04 --:--:--:-- >> WE RECOGNIZE FROM 20,000 FEET 08:11:00:28 --:--:--:-- THERE'S THINGS WE CAN DO, 08:11:02:23 --:--:--:-- BUT YOU GOT TO BE AT SEA LEVEL, 08:11:04:04 --:--:--:-- MANY TIMES, TO GET THE 08:11:05:11 --:--:--:-- BOAT ON THE WATER. 08:11:06:16 --:--:--:-- BUT WE CAN SEE THE BOAT GOING 08:11:07:14 --:--:--:-- TOWARDS THE SHORE. 08:11:08:04 --:--:--:-- WE'RE GONNA HIT--HIT--YOU KNOW, 08:11:09:17 --:--:--:-- GONNA HIT THE SHORE. 08:11:10:22 --:--:--:-- BUT WE ARE--WE CAN'T COME DOWN 08:11:11:24 --:--:--:-- FROM 20,000 FEET TO HELP PULL IT 08:11:13:00 --:--:--:-- OUT OF THE WATER. 08:11:13:29 --:--:--:-- SO YOU NEED THOSE COMMITTED 08:11:15:15 --:--:--:-- PEOPLE ON THE GROUND TO HELP 08:11:17:04 --:--:--:-- MAKE THAT HAPPEN. 08:11:18:08 --:--:--:-- >> ONE OF THOSE PEOPLE COMMITTED 08:11:19:20 --:--:--:-- TO MAKING A DIFFERENCE IS RICK 08:11:21:00 --:--:--:-- MARVIN, A RECOVERING ADDICT ON A 08:11:23:03 --:--:--:-- MISSION. 08:11:24:03 --:--:--:-- >> THE VERY FIRST TIME I DID 08:11:25:00 --:--:--:-- COCAINE, IT WAS--IT WAS A LOVE 08:11:26:03 --:--:--:-- AFFAIR. 08:11:26:22 --:--:--:-- IT JUST--THE FEELING, 08:11:27:19 --:--:--:-- THE EUPHORIC FEELING. 08:11:29:02 --:--:--:-- >> CHASING THAT FEELING TURNED 08:11:30:05 --:--:--:-- INTO A $1,000-A-WEEK HABIT. 08:11:32:13 --:--:--:-- ALONG THE LINE, RICK MET AMY, 08:11:34:17 --:--:--:-- AND TOGETHER, THEY HAD TWO 08:11:35:17 --:--:--:-- CHILDREN, RUSTY AND HAILEY. 08:11:37:16 --:--:--:-- >> I GAVE MY FAMILY JUST WHAT 08:11:38:26 --:--:--:-- THEY NEEDED, JUST ENOUGH, AND 08:11:41:04 --:--:--:-- ALL THE REST, I USED. 08:11:43:07 --:--:--:-- AND I GAVE MY KIDS EVERYTHING 08:11:44:18 --:--:--:-- THEY COULD WANT, BUT I DIDN'T 08:11:46:03 --:--:--:-- GIVE ME. 08:11:47:14 --:--:--:-- AND THERE WAS TIMES WHEN I WOULD 08:11:48:22 --:--:--:-- QUIT AND GO BACK AND QUIT, BUT 08:11:50:20 --:--:--:-- I COULD NEVER--NOTHING REALLY 08:11:53:27 --:--:--:-- MATTERED TO ME TO MAKE ME QUIT 08:11:56:04 --:--:--:-- FOR ANY LENGTH OF TIME. 08:11:57:23 --:--:--:-- >> SOMETHING FINALLY CAUSED RICK 08:11:59:03 --:--:--:-- TO HIT HIS BOTTOM, AND HARD. 08:12:01:26 --:--:--:-- >> MY SON ENDED UP DOING COCAINE 08:12:04:16 --:--:--:-- AND ENDED UP DYING FROM COCAINE 08:12:06:07 --:--:--:-- OVERDOSE, FROM MY DISEASE. 08:12:08:06 --:--:--:-- I FOUND HIM BACK HERE IN MY 08:12:09:00 --:--:--:-- GARAGE ON THE MORNING OF